Pulp

Pulp is the main raw material when making paper. Pulp prices have been increasing at an alarming rate since 2021.

Energy

Oil and gas which are used to create power and  energy to make paper  have both increased consistently through 2021.

Freight costs

The COVID pandemic created huge disruption to global shipping. The cost of global transportation has increased by up to five times since 2020. Furthermore, Brexit has slowed down  the process due to the additional administration required.

Paper mill closures

Some paper mills have shut down recently, meaning that supply is lower

Source: Antalis UK 2022